Archive for the ‘Foreclosure’ Category
Sunday, July 18th, 2010
Last month, I met several times with a potential Chapter 13 client who was facing a mortgage foreclosure. Over the course of the past few months he has been juggling his creditors and bills trying to stay afloat and during that time he fell behind to his mortgage company by more than four months, and found himself in the foreclosure process.
This individual earns over $100,000 annually, but, unfortunately he used to earn more than double this amount. His problem was not the mortgage, but his other bills, including a very high car payment and a mortgage payment arising from a failing real estate investment.
Not surprisingly the foreclosure notice got his attention. He immediately took action by calling me to discuss Chapter 13 bankruptcy and by contacting his mortgage company to discuss repayment options. By the Wednesday prior to the pending foreclosure sale scheduled for the following Tuesday, my client had provided me with enough information so that I could prepare a rough draft of a Chapter 13. In this case, by the way, my client and I entered into an agreement whereby he paid me around $300 to open a file and to start entering information into my petition preparation program.
On the pre-foreclosure Wednesday he called to say that after a lot of discussion he was expecting a decision the next day from his mortgage company but that if he did not hear from them by mid-day on Thursday, we would be proceeding with the Chapter 13. A few hours later he called back to say that his mortgage company had agreed to postpone the foreclosure until September and that the Chapter 13 was on hold for now.
Let's analyze what my client did right and what he did wrong.
On the positive side, he did the following right:
- he did not panic – he approached the problem as a business problem not as a personal, moral failure
- he began to address the problem early. His first contact with me was literally the day he received the foreclosure notice. He correctly guessed that the negotiation process with the lender would take several weeks
- he took a two step approach to the problem – he opened negotiations with his lender, and at the same time he started planning for a Chapter 13
- he retained me early on in the process and paid me a small sum ($300) to start the petition preparation process. He also obtained his credit counseling certificate shortly after our first meeting. Contrast that to some of the potential bankruptcy filers who call me on the Friday before foreclosure looking to start the process.
- he convinced his lender to delay the foreclosure by two months – a 2 month delay is preferable to a 1 month delay in that my client now has enough time to try and sell his home
Now, what did he do wrong?
- my main criticism is his failure to get a written confirmation of the suspension of the foreclosure. What if the lender's representative failed to communicate with the foreclosing attorney? What if the lender's representative is simply dishonest? Can a verbal promise by a lender's representative to delay a foreclosure be enforceable? What would the remedy be?
I am very wary of relying on verbal promises. In law school, my contracts professor once made the comment that "an oral contract is worth the paper it is written on," and I do not disagree.
I did find a California state appellate case in which an appeals court found that a homeowner who relied to his detriment on a broken promise by a lender to delay a foreclosure had a cause of action for money damages. However, even in this California case (which would not serve as binding precedent in Georgia) the foreclosure was not reversed and the only issue to be considered by the trial court on appeal was money damages. Add to this months and months of delay and I wonder if the homeowner in the California case felt that he won anything. (Thanks to Michael Renne and his San Francisco Bankruptcy Law blog for his post about Garcia v. World Savings.)
When your home is at risk, I would not rely on any verbal promises from your mortgage company. I would also not rely on an email as the admissability of emails as evidence is questionable. Instead I would suggest that you ask for a faxed letter from your lender or its attorney on letterhead, with the original mailed to you. Further, if you enter into an agreement with the lender directly, you should contact the foreclosing attorney's office (with a copy of the foreclosure suspension letter) to confirm that they are aware of the deal as well.
Posted in Alternatives To Bankruptcy, Debt negotiation, Foreclosure, Foreclosure issues, Garcia v. World Savings, Michael Renne, Petition, a, chapter 13 and foreclosure, delay, estate, failing, foreclosure negotiations, garcia, georgia foreclosure, investment not, letter, my, notice, pending, post, pre foreclosure, preparation, program on, promise, promises , real, representative, sale, savings, scheduled, surprisingly, suspension, the, v, verbal, verbal agreement to stop foreclosure, wednesday, world | Comments Off
Saturday, July 17th, 2010
A recent report from National Public Radio notes that mortgage foreclosures are likely to reach the one million mark in 2010. To put this figure in context, consider these statistics, pulled from the real estate tracking site RealtyTrac.com:
- In a typical year, the United States sees about 100,000 homes enter foreclosure—a mere tenth of the number expected this year.
- In 2009, considered a big year for foreclosures, 900,000 homes were foreclosed on by banks.
- In the first five months of 2010 alone, 528,000 homes have entered foreclosure—already more than five times the yearly average.
- A whopping 1.7 million U.S. homeowners got some kind of foreclosure-related notice between January and June of this year (some of those houses have already gone into foreclosure). This translates to one in 78 homes in the country.
Understanding the Foreclosure Process
So what causes a bank to foreclose on a home? It can take as long as 15 months for a bank to repossess a home once a borrower is 30 days overdue on payments, according to sources. Here’s an idea of what might happen:
- Missed payments
: If a mortgage payment is thirty days or more late, the homeowner is said to be delinquent on payments. At this point, the lending bank may send a notice of foreclosure. This is kind of the first warning of foreclosure a homeowner can get. At this point, it’s a good idea to contact your lender if you’re having financial difficulties. You may also want to consider consulting with a bankruptcy lawyer about whether Chapter 13 bankruptcy is a viable option to stop your home’s foreclosure.
- Bank notifications: If a borrower continues to miss payments or stops making payments altogether, the bank will likely send notice that foreclosure proceedings have begun. While procedures and laws differ from state to state, homeowners can generally expect various types of notification in the mail and/or via telephone.
- Eviction: Once the bank has processed various paperwork, it can evict the residents of the house and reclaim the property as its own. Because of the unprecedented number of foreclosure cases currently active in the U.S., banks may (but won’t necessarily) take longer than usual to actually evict tenants.
- Foreclosure auction or sale: The bank now owns the home and may choose to sell it at a foreclosure auction or via short sale. Often, as sources note, any proceeds the bank makes from such a sale might be used to cover legal costs for the foreclosure process or the unpaid portion of the mortgage.
Clearly, the news of massive foreclosure action isn’t good for individuals and families who are losing their homes, but it’s also a bad sign for the larger economy. As more and more properties glut the real estate market, prices fall and the chances of a swift recovery in that area diminish.
Posted in Foreclosure, Mortgage, Mortgage Foreclosure, statistics | Comments Off
Friday, July 2nd, 2010
A recent report from National Public Radio describes a shocking and troubling occurrence happening in certain neighborhoods in the United States. Apparently, some homeowners are finding their houses foreclosed on—but not because they fell behind on mortgage payments.
It seems that failure to pay homeowners association (HOA) dues constitutes legal ground for the HOA to foreclose on and resell a property.
A Devastating Oversight
The case detailed in the NPR story involves a deployed Captain serving in Iraq and his wife: they had, according to reports, paid for their home in full but missed two HOA payments—and their house was foreclosed on, sold for the amount of the overdue dues plus legal costs, and sold again for a profit.
Here’s what you need to know in order to protect yourself and your family from facing such an unfortunate fate:
- In the U.S., 33 states have laws that permit HOAs to place liens on homes for which dues are not paid and collect on those liens (i.e. foreclose on the home) without putting the case before a judge.
- In some states, processing a foreclosure takes less than a month—meaning that families have little time to take action to protect their property.
- Because of the tough economy, it seems more families than ever are missing payments and don’t believe it when they’re told they could lose their home for failure to pay a couple hundred dollars’ worth of fees or dues.
The truth of the matter, though, is that you can lose your home in many states simply for missing payments to your HOA. If you’re pressed for cash and worried about making such payments, contact your HOA and explain the situation.
The most important thing to do is to attack the problem head on rather than waiting until it’s too late—if you can’t afford the dues now, you definitely can’t afford to make alternate housing arrangements, but that could be the position you’re in if you miss too many checks.
And, while it may be the least appealing thing you can think of if you’re falling behind on various financial obligations, be sure to open mail as soon as you receive it, as it could contain important and time-sensitive information about some of all of your debts. Remember: avoiding debt doesn’t make it go away, and in this economy it’s important to take any and all warning signs of personal economic turmoil seriously.
Posted in Foreclosure, Mortgage, Mortgage Foreclosure, trends | Comments Off
Sunday, June 20th, 2010
Bankruptcies come in all shapes and sizes. Some are relatively simple, while others pose particularly troublesome issues. While legal counsel can be beneficial for any type of bankruptcy, many people find experienced attorneys especially helpful during complex filings.
In response to a growing trend of bankruptcy in the Phoenix metropolitan area, which is on pace for around 30,000 filings this year, The Arizona Republic recently listed a few of the most vexing bankruptcy issues:
Divorces
During divorce proceedings, spouses will sometimes agree to shield each other from certain debts, which often include debts incurred during marriage. However, if one spouse later files for bankruptcy, creditors could go after the other spouse for payments on specific debts, despite the previous agreement between the divorced couple.
So, by shielding a spouse from debts during a divorce proceeding, an individual could prevent that debt from being dischargeable during bankruptcy. As a result, couples going through a divorce should tread carefully if one party expects to file for bankruptcy afterward. There may be options to protect both parties and discharge the debt, but these are sometimes best determined by experienced attorneys.
Homeowners Association Fees
Some filers for bankruptcy have recently learned that homeowners associations can still collect unpaid fees, even after those filers have given up their homes. While this scenario may sound implausible, The Arizona Republic offered a fairly common example.
If a homeowner buys a home using a mortgage and fails to make payments on time, that individual may simply leave the home while the lender begins foreclosure proceedings. During this lag, a homeowners association may continue to charge the former homeowner membership fees.
These fees may continue to be charged until the bank completes a foreclosure, which may take several months. If you are facing a foreclosure or a bankruptcy and fear a similar problem, you may wish to contact a bankruptcy attorney.
Faulty Deeds that Leave Loopholes for Trustees
Another complex issue can arise when a homeowner files for bankruptcy. Even if the homeowner makes his or her mortgage payments on time, court-appointed trustees may look for flaws in the mortgage paperwork in order to push their claim in front of a creditor’s.
While this scenario may seem far-fetched, it has occurred, and title companies that complete mortgage paperwork do make mistakes. If such a mistake occurs, and the mortgage lender can’t prove its claim, the trustee could simply sell the home. Again, this is not a terribly common problem, but seeking legal counsel can help avoid such a financial nightmare.
Additional Resources
To read in-depth analysis of further complex issues posed by personal bankruptcy, check out these materials provided by the American Bar Association.
Posted in Bankruptcy Filing Requirements, Bankruptcy Process, Divorce, Foreclosure | Comments Off
Sunday, June 13th, 2010
With the news full of foreclosure statistics showing huge increases along with stories of self-righteous Members of Congress asserting their heartfelt concern for "struggling homeowners" little attention is paid to the question of whether a homeowner ought to fight to save his home. My friend and colleague, Charleston bankruptcy lawyer Russ DeMott were recently discussing this issue and I invited him to prepare a guest post about this very topic:
Chapter 13 bankruptcy is a tool that can be used to save your home from foreclosure. But the big question sometimes isn’t “can I save my home,” but “should I save it?"
We all know that there’s been an epidemic of foreclosure resulting from the recent economic downturn. Jobs were lost, values plummeted, and foreclosures have been on the rise.
So it’s natural to wonder, “can I file Chapter 13 bankruptcy to save my home from foreclosure?” However, when you meet with a bankruptcy lawyer to explore your options, you need to explore all your options—bankruptcy and otherwise. And that might be not saving your home.
When you’re having financial problems and seek advice, you should take the opportunity to review your entire financial situation. Can you afford your vehicle payments? Can you “tighten the belt” and cut back on some unnecessary expenses? And most significantly, “should you try to save your home?”
In my Charleston, South Carolina bankruptcy practice, I get calls every week from folks facing foreclosure. The potential bankruptcy client’s question is always a “can we?” Can we stop foreclosure? Can we make the lender listen? Can we catch up on these payments we’ve missed? Can we protect our home? Can Chapter 13 bankruptcy help?
But I always focus on the “should we.” Here are some factors to consider when deciding whether you should use Chapter 13 to keep your home:
- Can you afford the mortgage payments? Do you have large house payments you can’t really afford, perhaps with more than one mortgage? For example, it may be that you can afford payments of $1800 a month, but your current payments are $2800 per month. Absent a mortgage modification, that’s a tough nut to crack every month.
- Is your interest rate scheduled to adjust? It may be that you can afford your payments now but maybe not once your payments adjust.
- Do you have equity in your home? (Equity is the value of the property less any liens (like mortgages, outstanding taxes, assessments, and home owner’s dues). Lately, I’ve been getting calls from clients who not only have no equity, but actually have “negative equity.” For example, your house might be worth $250,000 and you owe $350,000. If that’s the case, you might not want to try to save your home from foreclosure. You’d actually have more equity if you rented!
- Is this where you want to live for the indefinite future? If not, perhaps you should use your financial problems to reevaluate where you want to live. Perhaps renting in another area would lessen your commute or allow your children to enroll in a better school?
These are just a few factors you should consider. You should weight all the pros and cons of saving your home. You can then have your bankruptcy lawyer help you decide whether filing Chapter 13 bankruptcy to save your home really makes sense.
Jonathan's note: in addition to the very relevant points Russ makes, let me add this: if you decide that saving your house in a Chapter 13 does not make sense, a "fresh start" Chapter 7 could be appropriate. Similarly, you can still file a Chapter 13 to reorganize your other debts while you surrender your home. My point – personal bankruptcy is not a "one size fits all" solution – a good bankruptcy lawyer can offer you several options to consider, many of which you may have never considered.
If there is one lament that I hear from my colleagues, it is this – "I wish my clients would call me earlier, when there is time to evaluate bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy options." Sometimes, when there are only days or hours to go before a foreclosure, an emergency Chapter 13 may be your only choice. Even if bankruptcy is something you really do not want to think about, you would be wise to establish a relationship with a bankruptcy lawyer before you end up facing a crisis.
Posted in 2800, Bankruptcy, Chapter 13 issues, Foreclosure, Foreclosure issues, Lawyer, Mortgage, Russ Demott, a, absent, bankruptcy and foreclosure, charleston, client’s, consent to foreclosure, contest foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure, demott, equity, facing, folks, foreclosure , home when, home , home ” in, huge, increases, modification, month , my, oppose foreclosure sale, potential, question, russ, save, saving, showing, statistics, the, you’d, you’re | Comments Off
Sunday, June 6th, 2010
For most of us, the story of how the Great Recession started is a familiar tune: the stock market soared because of speculation on the real estate market, which meant real estate prices soared as well. And when the bubble burst, millions of Americans lost serious money and foreclosure rates climbed steadily.
And the latest news, according to real estate information source Zillow.com, still reflects a seriously distressed housing market in many parts of the country.
Underwater Homes
One of the biggest problems homeowners face today is negative equity: when you owe more on a home loan than the property is currently worth, you’re said to have negative equity, or be “underwater” on your mortgage loan.
According to sources, a whopping 23.3 percent of U.S. homes are currently underwater, slightly more than the 23 percent reported in the last quarter of 2009. Here’s a look at the U.S. cities currently suffering from the highest negative home equity rates:
- #15: Jacksonville, Florida. Here, 127,807 homes, or 49.1 percent of residences, are currently underwater.
- #14: Riverside, California. This city has a 51.2 percent underwater rate, with 347,778 individual homes.
- #13: Tampa, Florida. 286,303 underwater homes give this city a 53.1 percent rate.
- #12: Vallejo, California. With 41,436 homes underwater, this city has a 54.7 percent rate.
- #11: El Centro, California. A 54.9 percent rate means 12,103 houses in this city are underwater.
- #10: Port St. Lucie, Florida. With 54,190 homes underwater, this city has a 56.2 percent rate.
- #9: Stockton, California. Once the foreclosure capital of the country, this city now has the dubious distinction of a 57.7 percent underwater rate, with 64,614 homes underwater.
- #8: Fort Meyers, Florida. Here, 58.2 percent of homes (83,533) have negative equity.
- #7: Lakeland, Florida. With 62,423 homes underwater, this city has a 58.5 percent rate.
- #6: Merced, California. 24,076 underwater homes, for a rate of 58.8 percent.
- #5: Modesto, California. A 60.7 percent rate with 54,417 homes underwater.
- #4: Reno, Nevada. 45,107 homes underwater gives Reno a 64.4 percent rate.
- #3: Phoenix, Arizona. Here, 64.4 percent of homes (totaling 479,692) have negative equity.
- #2: Orlando, Florida. With 289,209 homes underwater, Orlando has a 74.8 percent rate.
- #1: Las Vegas, Nevada. A whopping 80.6 percent of homes (254,880) have negative equity.
Negative equity is no small matter for affected homeowners, considering that mortgage modifications have been difficult to process and foreclosure is generally a trying process.
For some people facing foreclosure of their homes, a Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing may help, but it may not help the problem of owing more on a house than it's worth.
If you have negative equity in your home, consider speaking with a personal bankruptcy lawyer about your options.
Additional Resources
Estimates of Negative Equity among Nonprime Borrowers (PDF)
Foreclosure Mitigation Efforts in the United States (PDF)
Posted in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, Foreclosure, Mortgage Foreclosure, underwater mortgage | Comments Off
Friday, January 22nd, 2010
According to a recent article regarding Georgia bankruptcy published in the Atlanta Journal Constitution, it is nothing new that Georgia has one of the highest bankruptcy rates in the nation. What is new, suggests the AJC article, is who is filing: large numbers of people who have not previously had problems with financial instability.
With unemployment exceeding 10 percent, a real estate market in shambles, and many laws in place which
support creditors, Georgia has had one of the highest bankruptcy rates for years. In 2009, and even here in early 2010, the numbers of people in Georgia filing personal bankruptcy continue to increase. These increasing numbers are partially the result of the large numbers of filers who are experiencing financial instability for the first time.
Richard Thomson, a partner at the Atlanta-based bankruptcy law firm Clark & Washington, said his firm is taking on an increasing number of higher-income professionals as clients. These higher-income filers simply can’t pay for all of their assets and possessions – boats, expensive cars, etc. As a result, they are filing bankruptcy as a means to start over, and their possessions are often given up as part of the process. According to Thomson, “They’re just saying ‘Take it. It’s not worth the effort anymore. I can’t keep up with it.”
Susan Blum and I are seeing the same trends here at Ginsberg Law Offices. While our firm has regularly handled cases for formerly high earners and individuals with substantial assets, we are seeing more and more people who start our meetings by saying "I never in a million years thought I would ever end up talking to a bankruptcy lawyer…." In many cases, clients who had previously enjoyed a comfortable lifestyle wait until disaster is about to strike before calling our office, perhaps in the expectation that their situations will improve. And more and more of these clients are turning to a Chapter 7 liquidation rather than a Chapter 13 reorganization.
More Chapter 7 Cases Being Filed
According to the National Bankruptcy Research Center, over half of Georgians filing between January and November 2009 filed Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. In a Chapter 7, most debts are wiped out, but so are assets that aren’t protected by exemptions – second cars or vacation homes, for example. 47 percent filed Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, which allows consumers to hold on to a house and car but requires that they repay a portion of their debts generally over a five year period. A Chapter 13 is more or less a reorganization of debt.
These percentages are new for Georgia, which traditionally has been dominated by Chapter 13 filings, as debtors were most concerned about holding onto a house and accumulated equity. Currently, many homeowners have little equity or owe more than their houses are worth, which may be one reason for the spike in Chapter 7 filings.
According to Consumer Credit Counseling Service of Greater Atlanta, one in five consumers receiving recent pre-bankruptcy counseling said avoiding foreclosure was the primary reason for seeking bankruptcy protection. Georgia’s foreclosure process is the fastest in the nation, as it occurs without court or government supervision and takes only a week. A bankruptcy filing is the only realistic option for most Georgians seeking to delay a public auction of their homes.
I (Jonathan) have been representing individuals in Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 cases for over 20 years and I can only remember two or three times when the demand for our services was so high. The Congressional Budget Office says that the recession is over but I am not seeing any indication that this is true.
Posted in 10, Amp, Assets, Bankruptcy, Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Filings in Georgia, Filers, Foreclosure, General consumer bankruptcy info, Georgia Bankruptcy, Georgia bankruptcy rates, Law, Possessions, and, atlanta based, boats, can’t, clark, clients, exceeding, expect, experiencing, financial, firm, georgia bankruptcy filings, georgia’s, higher income, homes jack, instability, instability with, numbers, pay, percent, problems, process, protection, recent bankruptcy trends in Georgia, seeking, simply, the, unemployment, williams, – | Comments Off
Thursday, January 21st, 2010
As many people now know, the current recession was touched off by the collapse of the real estate market, which ballooned out of control in the mid-2000s.
Now, according to CBS News, mortgage lenders have learned a tough lesson and are changing the way they do business. Here’s a look at some notable changes and why they’re cropping up.
Big-Time Losses
During the subprime lending boom, many lenders (including big players like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) offered high- or variable-interest loans, no-down-payment loans, and other types of loans that people were unlikely to pay off easily.
Now, many of those loans have gone bad, meaning that the borrowers were unable to make payments and the houses in question have gone into foreclosure. Lenders are thus writing off (that is, accepting as lost) billions of dollars in bad debts – and they have to do something about it.
- Credit score requirement: In the era of subprime lending, people with low credit scores were often specifically targeted for high-interest loans. Now, according to sources, Fannie Mae will not issue loans to anyone whose FICO credit score is below 620.
- Equity requirement: If you’re looking to refinance your current home loan, lenders now require you to have some equity (that is, some amount of the principal paid off) in your original loan.
- Down payment a must: In the olden days, buying a house without a down payment was unheard of; the subprime lending "innovations," though, introduced loans with no down payment required. Major lenders, it seems, are returning to the traditional wisdom that you must pay a significant amount of money up front.
- Debt-to-income ratio consideration: Fannie Mae has also reportedly announced that it will not lend to anyone whose debt-to-income ratio rises beyond 45 percent – that is, in order to get a loan, you must not pay more than 45 percent of your monthly income on all debt payments (including car, credit card, student loan, etc.) combined.
So what does this mean for people thinking about buying a home? Basically, it means you need to be at the top of your game financially. You should be checking your credit report regularly and making sure you’re an attractive candidate to home lenders – and if you aren’t right now, it’s time to take steps to become one.
Additional Resources
Home Buying Brochure
Posted in Foreclosure, Mortgage Foreclosure, Mortgages, lending | Comments Off
Thursday, December 10th, 2009
An amendment being debated in the House of Representatives could provide powerful protections for homeowners going through bankruptcy. This legislation would allow bankruptcy judges to modify mortgages in Chapter 13 cases, providing a huge benefit for everyday hardworking Americans who are facing home foreclosure. The House may start voting on this amendment as soon as today!
Please take the steps below then share with your family and friends via email, Facebook, or any way you can get the word out!
- Phone toll free at: 877.354.4958
- Put in your zip code
- When you reach the receptionist:
- State your name
- Say that you are a constituent
- Ask the Representative to vote FOR the Conyers-Turner-Lofgren amendment (#201) to the Financial Services Reform bill.
The amendment is being fiercely opposed by the business and financial services communities. By calling your representative in support of this amendment, you can fight corporate greed and help your fellow Americans. This amendment will cost taxpayers NOTHING and will save millions of homes from foreclosure! Take action today!
Posted in Bankruptcy, Bankruptcy News and Events, Foreclosure, mortgage modification | Comments Off
Tuesday, November 24th, 2009
Nearly one in four home mortgages are burdening borrowers with negative equity, an article by the Wall Street Journal reports.
Underwater mortgages find homeowners with declining home values to the point that they owe more on their mortgages than the home is worth.
The situation has hit new homeowners in the past few years, especially those who were paying interest-only mortgages as their home values declined.
However, this is no longer the case, as a whopping 23% of all home mortgages—10.7 million households— are underwater, according to real estate information company First American CoreLogic.
5.3 million of those homes are tied to mortgages worth least 20% more than the home's value.
The hardest hit states include Florida, Arizona and Nevada, where 65% of mortgages have negative equity—nearly three times the national average.
Negative equity can become a financial disaster for homeowners, especially if it means turning down a promotion or job transfer because they cannot sell their home.
The underwater crisis is intimately tied to foreclosures (a category also led by Nevada), as rising foreclosure rates can cause neighboring homes to lose value, and as some homeowners choose to simply stop paying on underwater mortgages, known as strategic default.
An estimated 588,000 borrowers defaulted on mortgages last year even though they could afford to pay, double the amount from 2007.
Posted in Foreclosure, Mortgage Foreclosure, Mortgages, Nevada, equity | Comments Off